Ray tracing with the transfer matrix methodPropagation a distance $d$: Propagation in a medium with a constant index of refraction. The distance is measured along the optical axis. Thin lens: A thin lens with a focal length $f$. A lens is thin if the focal length is much greater than the thickness of the lens. The focal length is positive for a converging lens and negative for a diverging lens. Refraction at a flat interface: The index of refraction is $n$ to the right of the interface. Refraction at a curved interface: The index of refraction is $n$ to the right of the interface. The center of curvature is to the right of the interface for $R > 0$ and to the left of the interface for $R < 0$. |