The chemical potential μ of an extrinsic semiconductor is plotted as a function of temperature. At each temperature the chemical potential was calculated by requiring that charge neutrality be satisfied.

Once the Fermi energy is known, the carrier densities $n$ and $p$ can be calculated from the formulas, $n=N_c\left(\frac{T}{300}\right)^{3/2}\exp\left(\frac{\mu-E_c}{k_BT}\right)$ and $p=N_v\left(\frac{T}{300}\right)^{3/2}\exp\left(\frac{E_v-\mu}{k_BT}\right)$.

The intrinsic carrier density is $n_i=\sqrt{N_c\left(\frac{T}{300}\right)^{3/2}N_v\left(\frac{T}{300}\right)^{3/2}}\exp\left(\frac{-E_g}{2k_BT}\right)$.