from KeithleyV15 import SMU26xx import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import time import csv import datetime import numpy as np """ EXAMPLE: common emitter characteristics of an NPN Transistor """ """ ******* Connect to the Sourcemeter ******** """ # initialize the SM and connect to it sm = SMU26xx("TCPIP0::129.27.158.188::inst0::INSTR") # enable the debug output (= lots of print commands) # smu.enable_debug_output() # get the two channels of the smu smua = sm.get_channel(sm.CHANNEL_A) smub = sm.get_channel(sm.CHANNEL_B) # Create unique filenames for saving the data time_for_name = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y_%m_%d_%H%M%S") filename_csv = 'npn_common_emitter' + time_for_name +'.csv' filename_pdf = 'npn_common_emitter' + time_for_name +'.pdf' # Header for csv with open(filename_csv, 'a') as csvfile: writer = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=';', lineterminator='\n') writer.writerow(["Voltage / V", "Current / A"]) """ ******* Configure the SMU Channel A (collector-emitter) ******** """ # reset to default settings smua.reset() # setup the operation mode and what will be shown at the display smua.set_mode_voltage_source() smua.display_current() # set the measurement speed to med (so we can sweep really faster than in normal mode) smua.set_measurement_speed_med() # define variables we store the measurement in data_current = [] data_voltage = [] # define the initial parameters for the channel smua.set_voltage_range(20) smua.set_voltage_limit(20) smua.set_voltage(0) smua.set_current_range(0.05) smua.set_current_limit(0.05) smua.set_current(0) """ ******* Configure the SMU Channel B (base-emitter) ******** """ # reset to default settings smub.reset() # setup the operation mode and what will be shown at the display smub.set_mode_current_source() smub.display_voltage() # set the measurement speed to med (so we can sweep really faster than in normal mode) smub.set_measurement_speed_med() # define the initial parameters for the channel smub.set_voltage_range(2) smub.set_voltage_limit(2) smub.set_voltage(0) smub.set_current_range(1E-4) smub.set_current_limit(1E-4) smub.set_current(0) """ ******* do the actual measurement ******** """ # define base currents we want to run the sweep on current_steps = [0, 2e-5, 4e-5, 6e-5, 8e-5, 10e-5] # define sweep parameters for the collector emitter voltage voltage_start = 0 voltage_end = 20 settling_time = 0 sweep_steps = 200 step = (voltage_end - voltage_start) / sweep_steps # enable the outputs smua.enable_output() smub.enable_output() # do a voltage sweep for every base current we defined for bias_current in current_steps: # some output so that we know what the smu is doing print("Base current = " + "{0:.2f}".format(bias_current*1E6) + " uA") # set the base current smub.set_current(bias_current) # sweep and record the collector emitter voltage # we use the build in sweep function ... which is much faster than setting every value as a separate command #[current, voltage] = smua.measure_voltage_sweep(voltage_start, voltage_end, settling_time, sweep_steps) current_array = [] voltage_array = [] for i in np.arange(voltage_start, voltage_end, step): smua.set_voltage(i) [current, voltage] = smua.measure_current_and_voltage() current_array.append(current) #voltage_array.append(i) voltage_array.append(voltage) if bias_current !=0: beta = current/bias_current print(f"I_B = {bias_current}, U_CE = {i} | {voltage}, beta = {beta}") data_voltage.append(voltage) data_current.append(current) plt.plot(voltage_array, current_array) # Write the data in a csv with open(filename_csv, 'a') as csvfile: writer = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=';', lineterminator='\n') writer.writerow([f"I_B = {bias_current}"]) for i in range(len(voltage_array)): writer.writerow([voltage_array[i] , current_array[i]]) # disable the outputs smua.disable_output() smub.disable_output() # properly disconnect from the SMU sm.disconnect() """ ******* Plot the data we obtained ******** """ # generate a nice looking legend #legend = [] #for i in current_steps: # legend.append("Ib = " + "{0:.2f}".format(i*1000) + " mA") #plt.legend(legend, loc='upper left') # set labels and a title plt.xlabel('Collector-emitter voltage / V', fontsize=14) plt.ylabel('Collector current / A', fontsize=14) plt.title('Output characteristic of an S8050 NPN transistor', fontsize=14) plt.tick_params(labelsize = 14) plt.savefig(filename_pdf) # show the plot plt.show()

download: csv json

download: csv json

from KeithleyV15 import SMU26xx import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import time import csv import datetime import numpy as np """ EXAMPLE: common base characteristic of an NPN Transistor """ """ ******* Connect to the Sourcemeter ******** """ # initialize the SM and connect to it sm = SMU26xx("TCPIP0::129.27.158.188::inst0::INSTR") # enable the debug output (= lots of print commands) # smu.enable_debug_output() # get the two channels of the smu smua = sm.get_channel(sm.CHANNEL_A) smub = sm.get_channel(sm.CHANNEL_B) # Create unique filenames for saving the data time_for_name = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y_%m_%d_%H%M%S") filename_csv = 'npn_common_base' + time_for_name +'.csv' filename_pdf = 'npn_common_base' + time_for_name +'.pdf' # Header for csv with open(filename_csv, 'a') as csvfile: writer = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=';', lineterminator='\n') writer.writerow(["Voltage / V", "Current / A"]) """ ******* Configure the SMU Channel A (collector-base) ******** """ # reset to default settings smua.reset() # setup the operation mode and what will be shown at the display smua.set_mode_voltage_source() smua.display_current() # set the measurement speed to med (so we can sweep really faster than in normal mode) smua.set_measurement_speed_med() # define variables we store the measurement in data_current = [] data_voltage = [] # define the initial parameters for the channel smua.set_voltage_range(20) smua.set_voltage_limit(10) smua.set_voltage(0) smua.set_current_range(2E-2) smua.set_current_limit(2E-2) smua.set_current(0) """ ******* Configure the SMU Channel B (emitter-base) ******** """ # reset to default settings smub.reset() # setup the operation mode and what will be shown at the display smub.set_mode_current_source() smub.display_voltage() # set the measurement speed to med (so we can sweep really faster than in normal mode) smub.set_measurement_speed_med() # define the initial parameters for the channel smub.set_voltage_range(2) smub.set_voltage_limit(2) smub.set_voltage(0) smub.set_current_range(0.01) smub.set_current_limit(0.01) smub.set_current(0) """ ******* do the actual measurement ******** """ # define base currents we want to run the sweep on current_steps = [2e-5, 0, -2e-3, -4e-3, -6e-3, -8e-3, -10e-3] #current_steps = [2e-5] # define sweep parameters for the collector base voltage voltage_start = 10 voltage_end = -5 settling_time = 0 sweep_steps = 400 step = (voltage_end - voltage_start) / sweep_steps # enable the outputs smua.enable_output() smub.enable_output() # do a voltage sweep for every base current we defined for bias_current in current_steps: # some output so that we know what the smu is doing print("Emitter current = " + "{0:.2f}".format(bias_current*1000) + " mA") # set the emitter current smub.set_current(bias_current) # sweep and record the collector emitter voltage # we use the build in sweep function ... which is much faster than setting every value as a separate command #[current, voltage] = smua.measure_voltage_sweep(voltage_start, voltage_end, settling_time, sweep_steps) current_array = [] voltage_array = [] for i in np.arange(voltage_start, voltage_end, step): smua.set_voltage(i) [current, voltage] = smua.measure_current_and_voltage() current_array.append(current) voltage_array.append(i) print(i) data_voltage.append(voltage) data_current.append(data_current) plt.plot(voltage_array, current_array) # Write the data in a csv with open(filename_csv, 'a') as csvfile: writer = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=';', lineterminator='\n') writer.writerow([f"I_E = {bias_current}"]) for i in range(len(voltage_array)): writer.writerow([voltage_array[i] , current_array[i]]) # disable the outputs smua.disable_output() smub.disable_output() # properly disconnect from the SMU sm.disconnect() """ ******* Plot the data we obtained ******** """ # generate a nice looking legend legend = [] for i in current_steps: legend.append("Ib = " + "{0:.2f}".format(i*1000) + " mA") plt.legend(legend, loc='lower right') # set labels and a title plt.xlabel('Collector-base voltage / V', fontsize=14) plt.ylabel('Collector current / A', fontsize=14) plt.title('Output characteristic of an S8050 NPN transistor', fontsize=14) plt.tick_params(labelsize = 14) plt.savefig(filename_pdf) # show the plot plt.show()

download: csv json

download: csv json