Lectures Summer Semester 2024

Tuesdays: The live stream channel and videos of the lectures are available through the Teach Center at:

https://tc.tugraz.at

Thursdays: The live stream channel and videos of the lectures are available through uniTUBE at:

Livestream: https://unitube.uni-graz.at
uniTUBE recordings

Before the lectures the slides will be uploaded to:
https://cloud.tugraz.at/index.php/s/kTyPHw37i6jwKD2

Lectures 2024

Lectures 2022

<ol>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=1227696b-3919-4080-9d47-5013f6b96ded">March 1, 2022 - Introduction, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/mar1.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=50f636c7-a443-4ecb-8679-91890c44f83f">March 3, 2022 - hydrogen atom, atomic orbitals, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/mar3.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=2429b3f7-9375-4dcc-8fd7-0b51fc997b5e">March 8, 2022 - Many electron atoms, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/mar8.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=3905c187-f0d0-4444-9261-9758cf550fa3">March 10, 2022 - Molecules, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/mar10.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=e386c5e1-9a28-4f11-926e-f446e772b150">March 15, 2022 - Molecules, bonds,  Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/mar15.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=b7ac769c-001b-4762-9c56-144c8f0d0ec9">March 17, 2022 - Molecular orbitals, vibrations, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/mar17.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=6537221b-bdaa-45d7-9f8b-b2f51f454d6e">March 22, 2022 - Bonds, vibrations, rotations, spectroscopy,  Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/mar22.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=1009e7ac-c347-410c-a1cf-04d324a11ecc">March 24, 2022 - Crystal structure, Video</a>, <a href="../lectures22/mar24.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=2936405e-8077-4f46-a6c1-3014330a8318">March 29, 2022 - Crystal structure,  Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/mar29.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=6bebe490-61ab-4aff-9596-2299dddeb5f6">March 31, 2022 - Crystal structure, Fourier series, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/mar31.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=b64abed4-7779-4218-9e76-a6067b407e58">April 5, 2022 - Fourier series, Fourier transforms, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/apr5.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=279d415e-3c2d-4163-be2c-4c9bd3e2080d">April 7, 2022 - X-ray diffraction,  Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/apr7.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=ec714109-4cab-4968-ab03-d4bc6156ee64">April 26, 2022 - X-ray diffraction,  Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/apr26.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=016a0215-7845-45cf-a5b5-207e2902bd43">April 28, 2022 - Ionic crystals, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/apr28.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=8afe5d58-7b01-4a52-9e85-e28b1eba5787">May 3, 2022 - Photons, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/may3.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=fb816853-8d43-41d9-8499-bd91d41ac91f">May 5, 2022 - Photons, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/may5.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=8afe5d58-7b01-4a52-9e85-e28b1eba5787">May 10, 2022 - Phonons, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/may10.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=03fab433-f044-4e67-8028-1530626e9187">May 12, 2022 - Phonons, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/may12.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=f0c41d53-a76b-4bd1-b666-8f3239730ea9">May 17, 2022- Thermal conductivity, Free electrons,  Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/may17.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=388b6f9f-cb08-446a-a84e-948fd8435709">May 19, 2022 - Electrons, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/may19.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li> 
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=9b7cf384-1be1-4af1-a4f9-bfcc99c697a6">May 24, 2022 - Electron bands, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/may24.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=397721dd-56f2-4221-9c2b-d15a663cd40d">May 31, 2022 - Electron bands, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/may31.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=898bb441-2355-4463-b6e9-96ca765c5dd0">June 2, 2022 - Electron Bands,  Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/jun2.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=99e3c798-f772-4781-9604-c26bef11e41b">June 9, 2022 - Thermal conductivity, Crystal physics,  Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/jun9.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=9d666c43-d8a0-40f0-8404-2217cbc793eb">June 14, 2022 - Crystal physics, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/jun14.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=62e70296-7b95-4a62-93c2-5f22a70d1682">June 21, 2022 - Semiconductors, Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/jun21.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="https://unitube.uni-graz.at/portal/lehrveranstaltungen.html?id=1cf5bbc3-8ab1-4339-a11a-47ab8fe6070e">June 23, 2022 - Semiconductors,  Video</a>,  <a href="../lectures22/jun23.pdf">Slides - pdf</a></li>
<ol>

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<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/Shibboleth.sso/Login?target=/paella/ui/embed.html?id=1227696b-3919-4080-9d47-5013f6b96ded" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="640" height="400" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br /><a href="mar1.pdf">March 1, 2022 - pdf</a>
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Below are some videos from the COVID-19 times.

Introduction

<table><tr>
<td valign="top">

<br /><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=69581b14-3218-4d1f-a247-42fa5c71f446">Introduction - Video</a>
<br /><a href="intro.pdf">Introduction - pdf</a>
</td>

<td valign="top">

<br /><a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=c7f4aa6c-aaa8-427a-b7bf-e6fdc4ccf5c6">Website - Video</a>
<br /><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/skriptum/outline.php">Website</a>
</td>

</table>

Atoms

<table><tr><td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=828d769f-1130-4301-908f-348ba15ef12c" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br /><a href="atomic1.pdf">Hydrogen Atom, Atomic Orbitals - pdf</a>
</td>

<td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=2b2cf0a8-7cbb-4233-a48e-0f4fb4bce1d3" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br /><a href="helium.pdf">Helium - pdf</a>
</td>

<td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=6faec4e6-c0d4-40f0-a11b-f175eb8f5f4d" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br /><a href="many_e.pdf">Many-electron atoms - pdf</a>
</td>

</tr><tr>

<td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=3b8caf15-ae28-4bc9-9392-6ec424a15fbd" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br />Exercise questions
</td>

<td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=b26de512-6cc5-4e6b-8a4e-db570f3b84b0" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br />Student projects
</td>

</tr>
</table>

<p>Reading: <a href="https://doi-1org-17j7p5iki022d.ftubhan.tugraz.at/10.1524/9783110358704.95">Gross & Marx: 3.1.2 Elektronische Struktur der Atome</a>, or 
<a href="https://link-1springer-1com-1mcrx3oiq01c0.ftubhan.tugraz.at/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-49094-5_5">Experimental Physik 3, Demtröder - Das Wasserstoffatom</a>, <a href="https://link-1springer-1com-1mcrx3oiq01c0.ftubhan.tugraz.at/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-49094-5_6">Experimental Physik 3, Demtröder - Atome mit mehreren Elektronen</a></p>

<p><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/review.php">The solutions to the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom</a>,  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/atomicorbitals.php">Atomic orbitals</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/1s.php">1s</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/2s.php">2s</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/2pz.php">2p<sub>z</sub></a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/slater.php">Slater's rules</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/review.php#he">Helium</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/review.php#mew">Many-electron wavefunctions</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/review.php#slater">Slater determinants</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/review2.php">Singlet and triplet states</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/review2.php#ex">Exchange</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/atoms/review3.php">Many-electron atoms</a></p>

Molecules

<table>
<tr><td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=4f190aae-954d-4d5b-8692-544c05bd0ad1" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br /><a href="molecules1.pdf">Molecules - pdf</a>
</td>

<td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=71a838f3-0cd4-4d8b-b1bc-cb705195a1ba" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br /><a href="molecules2.pdf">Hydrogen Molecule - pdf</a>
</td>

<td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=9a36d714-7562-4e67-befa-17ef6abc724b" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br /><a href="molecular_bonds.pdf">Ionic bonds, Covalent bonds, Van der Waals bonds - pdf</a>
</td>

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<td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=5899a831-9305-4842-be70-becb09e30e7b" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br /><a href="hybrid_orbitals.pdf">Hybrid orbitals - pdf</a>
</td>

<td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=5e7719f8-9257-4cba-b524-f738da02f895" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br /><a href="spectroscopy_symmetry.pdf">Spectroscopy, Symmetry - pdf</a>
</td>

<td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=568ae970-6157-48d6-839f-15f1e608397e" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<br />Student projects: molecules
</td>

</tr>
</table>

<p>Reading: <a href="https://link-1springer-1com-1qdsjtkki0590.ftubhan.tugraz.at/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-49094-5_9">Experimental Physik 3, Demtröder - Moleküle</a></p>

<p><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hamiltonian.php">A quantum mechanical description of molecules</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hamiltonian.php#bornopp">The Born-Oppenheimer approximation</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hamiltonian.php#mew">Many-electron wavefunctions</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hamiltonian.php#bondpot">Bond potentials</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hamiltonian.php#rot">Rotational states</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hamiltonian.php#vib">Vibrational states</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/appendix/ho/ho_wavefunctions.php">Harmonic oscillator</a>, </p>

<p><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/mo.php">Solving the molecular orbital Hamiltonian</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/mo.php"lcao">Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO), 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hueckel/mo_h2_plus.php">Molecular hydrogen ion H<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup></a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hueckel/mo_h2.php">Molecular hydrogen H<sub>2</sub></a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hueckel/mo_ring.php">Conjugated rings, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hueckel/mo_benzene.php">Benzene</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/hueckel/CO/mo_CO.php">CO</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/molecules/valencebond.php">Valence bond theory</p>

Crystal structure

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<p style="text-align:center">Fourier Series in one dimension - <a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=c7759c47-60ed-4f05-a98e-eb3711912a4c">Video</a>  - <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier1.pdf">(pdf)</a><br />
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier1.php">Fourier series in one dimension</a><br /><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier_synth.php">Fourier synthesis</a><br /><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/num/ch3/3.3a.php">Fourier analysis of real data sets</a><br />
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/self_assessment/question1.html">Self assessment questions</a></p>
</td>

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<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=45816785-9bae-47fe-bd89-b96326bd826d" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<p style="text-align:center">Fourier Series in 2D and 3D - <a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=45816785-9bae-47fe-bd89-b96326bd826d">Video</a><br /><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/2dBravais.php">Two dimensional periodic functions</a><br />
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier_examples.php">Three dimensional periodic functions</a><br />
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/self_assessment2/question1.html">Self assessment questions</a></p>
</td>

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<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=57cb91af-4817-44c3-ad8f-30ca557d4d4d" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<p style="text-align:center">Plane waves and reciprocal space - <a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=57cb91af-4817-44c3-ad8f-30ca557d4d4d">Video</a><br /><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/ft/planewaves.php">Plane waves and reciprocal space</a></p>
</td>

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<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=2a608e02-53f3-4a0e-b725-cd2d411766f2" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<p style="text-align:center">
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/self_assessment3/question1.html">Self assessment question</a></p>
</td>

</tr></table>

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<p>Reading: <a href="https://doi-1org-17j7p5iin00fd.ftubhan.tugraz.at/10.1524/9783110358704.1">Gross & Marx: 1. Kristallstruktur</a> or Ibach & Lüth: 2. Structure of solid Matter or  Kittel: Crystal Structure</p>

<p><a href="https://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/unitcell.php">Unit cell</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/bravais/">Bravais lattices<a/>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/miller.php">Miller indices</a>, 
<a href="https://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/drawing_WS.php">Drawing Wigner-Seitz cells</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/programs.php">Programs to visualize crystal structures</a></p>

<p>Examples of crystal structures: 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/sc/sc_jsmol.php">simple cubic</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/fcc/fcc_jsmol.php">fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/bcc/bcc.php">bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/hcp/hcp.php">hcp</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/diamond/diamond.php">diamond</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/memm/materials/silicon/silicon.php">silicon</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/zincblende/zincblende_jsmol.php">zincblende</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/wurzite/ZnO_jsmol.php">wurzite</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/memm/materials/SiC/SiC4H.php">SiC 4H</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/nacl/nacl.php">NaCl</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/cscl/cscl_jsmol.php">CsCl</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/perovskite/perovskite_jsmol.php">perovskite</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/graphite/graphite_jsmol.php">graphite</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/graphite/BN_jsmol.php">hexagonal boron nitride</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/CaF2/CaF2_jsmol.php">CaF<sub>2</sub></a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/Fe3C/Fe3C_jsmol.php">Fe<sub>3</sub>C</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/ybco/ybco_jsmol.php">YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/blackPhosphorus/bp_jsmol.php">black phosphorus</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/spinel/spinel_jsmol.php">Spinel MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/magnetite/magnetite_jsmol.php">Magnetite Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/double_perovskite/Sr2FeMoO6_jsmol.php">double perovskite Sr<sub>2</sub>FeMoO<sub>6</sub></a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/ZIF8/ZIF8_jsmol.php">ZIF8</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystalstructure/structures/ZrO2/ZrO2_jsmol.php">ZrO<sub>2</sub></a></p>
</ul></p>

Crystal diffraction

<table><tr><td valign="top">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" src="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/embed.html?id=57c89389-fa5f-4371-9743-0e1c11729920" style="border:0px #FFFFFF none;" name="Paella Player" scrolling="no" marginheight="0px" marginwidth="0px" width="320" height="200" frameborder="0"></iframe>
<p style="text-align:center">Fourier Series in one dimension - <a href="https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/watch.html?id=c7759c47-60ed-4f05-a98e-eb3711912a4c">Video</a>  - <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier1.pdf">(pdf)</a><br />
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier1.php">Fourier series in one dimension</a><br /><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier_synth.php">Fourier synthesis</a><br /><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/num/ch3/3.3a.php">Fourier analysis of real data sets</a><br />
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/self_assessment/question1.html">Self assessment questions</a></p>
</td>

</tr></table>

<p>Reading: <a href="https://doi-1org-17j7p5iki022d.ftubhan.tugraz.at/10.1524/9783110358704.55">Gross & Marx: 2. Strukturanalyse mit Beugungsmethoden</a> or Ibach & Lüth: 2. Strukturanalyse or  Kittel: Diffraction and the Reiprocal Lattice</p>

<p><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier1.php">Fourier series</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier_synth.php">Fourier series in 1-D</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/reciprocal_lattice.php">Reciprocal lattices,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/2dBravais.php">Fourier series in 2-D</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/fourier/fourier_examples.php">Fourier series in 3-D</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/ft/planewaves.php">Plane waves and reciprocal space</a>,  
<a href="../crystaldiffraction/ft/ft.php">Fourier transforms</a>,  
<a href="../crystaldiffraction/ft/plot_ft.php">Plotting Fourier transforms</a></p>

<p><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/interference2d.php">Interference of scattered waves</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss2/fermisurface/2d_fermisurface/2dBz.php">Brillouin zones of 2D Bravais lattices</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/">Brillouin zones of 3D Bravais lattices</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/drawing_BZ.php">Drawing 3D Brilouin zones</a></p>

<p>Symmetry points and lines: <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/sc.php">Simple Cubic</a>, 
  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/fcc.php">Face Centered Cubic</a>, 
  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/bcc.php">Body Centered Cubic</a>, 
  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/hexagonal.php">Hexagonal</a>, 
  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/tet.php">Simple Tetragonal</a>, 
  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/tetbc.php">Body Centered Tetragonal</a>, 
  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/orthorhombic.php">Simple Orthorhombic</a>, 
  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bzones/orthorhombic_bc.php">Base Centered Orthorhombic</a></p>

<p><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/atomicformfactors/formfactors.php">X-ray atomic form factors</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/atomicformfactors/electronatomicformfactors.php">Electron atomic form factors</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/atomicformfactors/structurefactor.php">Structure factor</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/G_is_orthogonal_to_hkl_plane.html">The reciprocal lattice vector <i>G<sub>hkl</sub></i> is orthogonal to the (<i>hkl</i>) plane.</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/ewald.php">The number of diffraction peaks observed</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/atomicformfactors/powder.php">powder diffraction</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/atomicformfactors/neutronstructurefactor.html">Neutron diffraction</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/atomicformfactors/estructurefactor.php">Electron diffraction</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/crystaldiffraction/atomicformfactors/LEED.php">LEED</a></p>

Ionic crystals

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<br /><a href="atomic1.pdf">Hydrogen Atom, Atomic Orbitals - pdf</a>
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<p>Reading: <a href="https://doi-1org-17j7p5iki022d.ftubhan.tugraz.at/10.1524/9783110358704.95">Gross & Marx: 3.3 Die ionische Bindung</a>, or 
Ibach and Lüth: 1.3 Ionic Bonding,  or  Kittel: Ionic crystals. </p>

Photons

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<p>Reading: <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/emfield/quantization_em.php">Photons in vacuum</a>, and 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/dbr/index.php">Light in a layered material</a>.</p>

<p><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/emfield/quantization_em.php#wavetable">Table summarizing the results of the quantization of the wave equation</a>,  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/emfield/empty/empty.php">Empty lattice approximation</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/emfield/photonic_crystals/photonic_table.html">Table of photonic crystals</a>.</p>

Phonons

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</table>
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<p>Reading: Kittel: Phonons I. Crystal Vibrations and Phonons II. Thermal Properties, or <a href="https://doi-1org-17j7p5iki057f.ftubhan.tugraz.at/10.1524/9783110358704.169">Gross & Marx: 5. Dynamik des Kristallgitters</a> und 
<a href="https://doi-1org-17j7p5iki057f.ftubhan.tugraz.at/10.1524/9783110358704.213">Gross & Marx: 6. Thermische Eigenschaften des Kristallgitters</a></p>

<p>
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/phonon_script.php">Normal modes and phonons</a>, <a href="../phonons/imaginary/circular.php">Using complex numbers to represent sinusoidal oscillations</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/1d/1dphonons.php">Linear chain</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/1d/1d2m.php">Linear chain with two different masses</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/fcc/fcc.php">fcc with linear springs to nearest neighbors</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/bcc/bcc.php">bcc with linear springs to nearest neighbors and next nearest neighbors</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/sc/sc.php">simple cubic with linear springs to nearest neighbors and next nearest neighbors</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/PhononDispersionRelation.ipynb">Jupyter python notebook for calculating phonon dispersion equations</a></p>
  
<p>Density of states: <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/table/doslc.html">linear chain</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/table/doseinstein.html">Einstein model</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/table/dosdebye.html">Debye model</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/table/dos2m.html">linear chain with two masses</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/scdos/dos_sc.html">simple cubic</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/bccdos/phonon_dos_bcc.html">bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/fccdos/phonon_dos_fcc.htm">fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/ag_phonon_dos.html">Ag-fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/al_phonon_dos.html">Al-fcc</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/AlN_phonon_dos.html">AlN</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/fe_phonon_dos.html">Fe-bcc</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/GaN_phonon_dos.html">GaN</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/mg_phonon_dos.html">Mg-hcp</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/mo_phonon_dos.html">Mo-bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/si_phonon_dos.html">Si-diamond</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/alpha_sn_phonon_dos.html">α-Sn</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/beta_sn_phonon_dos.html">β-Sn</a>,  <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/ta_phonon_dos.html">Ta-bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/tb_phonon_dos.html">Tb-hcp</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/ti_phonon_dos.html">Ti-hcp</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/w_phonon_dos.html">W-bcc</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/ZnO_rs.html">ZnO (rocksalt)</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/ZnO_zb.html">ZnO (zincblende)</a>,
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/ZnO_wz.html">ZnO (wurtzite)</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/dos/zr_phonon_dos.html">Zr-hcp</a></p>
 
<p>Thermodynamic properties: 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/table/dos2uw.html">Energy spectral density <i>u</i>(ω,<i>T</i>)</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/table/dos2ut.html">Internal energy density <i>u</i>(<i>T</i>)</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/table/dos2cv.html">Specific heat <i>c<sub>v</sub></i>(<i>T</i>)</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/table/dos2h.html">Helmholtz free energy density <i>f</i>(<i>T</i>)</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/table/dos2s.html">Entropy density <i>s</i>(<i>T</i>)</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/phonons/phonontable.html">Table summarizing the thermodynamic properties of phonons</a></p>

Electrons

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<p>Reading: Kittel: Free electron Fermi gas, or <a href="https://doi-1org-17j7p5iki057f.ftubhan.tugraz.at/10.1524/9783110358704.259">Gross & Marx: 7. Das Freie Elektronengas</a></p>

<p>
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/free_e_1d.html">Free electron model in 1-D</a>,  
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/free_e_2d.html">Free electron model in 2-D</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/free_e_dos.html">Free electron model in 3-D</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/thermo/gp/gp/Fermi-function.html">Fermi function</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/fermigas/electrontable/electrontable.html">Table of thermodynamic properties of free electrons</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/fermigas/sommerfeldtable/sommerfeld.php">Sommerfeld expansion</a></p>

<p>Thermodynamic properties:<br />
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/thermo/dos2mu.html">Chemical potential μ(<i>T</i>)</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/thermo/dos2uE.html">Energy spectral density <i>u</i>(<i>E,T</i>)</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/thermo/dos2u.html">Internal energy density <i>u</i>(<i>T</i>)</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/thermo/dos2cv.html">Specific heat <i>c<sub>v</sub></i>(<i>T</i>), </a>
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/thermo/gp/gp/dos2h.html">Helmholtz free energy density <i>f</i>(<i>T</i>)</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/thermo/gp/gp/dos2phi.html">Grand potential density φ(<i>T</i>)</a></p>

Electron band structure

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<p>Reading: Kittel: Energy Bands, or <a href="https://doi-1org-17j7p5iki057f.ftubhan.tugraz.at/10.1524/9783110358704.315">Gross & Marx: 8. Energiebänder</a></p>

<p>

<p><a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/empty/empty.php">Empty lattice approximation: </a> 
      <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/empty/dispsc.html">simple cubic</a>, 
      <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/empty/dispfcc.html">fcc</a>, 
      <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/empty/dispbcc.html">bcc</a>, 
      <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/empty/disphex.html">hexagonal</a>, 
      <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/empty/disptet.html">tetragonal</a>, 
      <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/empty/dispbc_tetragonal.html">body centered tetragonal</a>,
      <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/empty/disport.html">orthorhombic</a>, 
      <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/empty/3d_monoclinic.html">simple monoclinic</a></p>

<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bloch/blochwave.php">Bloch waves in one dimension</a>, 
<a href="../KronigPenney/KronigPenney.php">Kronig Penney Model</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bloch/bloch.php">One-dimensional potentials</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bloch/hill.php">Hill's equation: Linear second-order differential equations with periodic coefficients, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss2/fermisurface/2d_fermisurface/2dBz.php">Brillouin zones of 2d Bravais lattices</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss2/fermisurface/2d_fermisurface/2dsquare.php">Fermi surface of a two-dimensional square lattice</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss2/fermisurface/3d_fermisurface/index.html">Fermi surfaces of some three-dimensional lattices</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/planewave/plane_wave.php">Plane wave method, central equations</a>, 
<a href="../bands/tightbinding/tightbinding.php">Tight binding</a>, 
 <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/tbtable/tbtable.html">Table of tight binding band structure calculations</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/separablecrystals/index.html">Separable square wave potentials</a></p>

<p>Band structure calculations: <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/Cr/Cr_Bandstructure.html">Cr</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/Li/Li_Bandstructure.html">Li bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/GaAs/gaas_bands.html">GaAs</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/gan_bands.html">GaN</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/GaP/gap_bands.html">GaP</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/Ge/ge_bands.html">Ge</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/InAs/inas_bands.html">InAs</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/sic_bands.html">6H SiC</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/V/V_Bandstructure.html">V</a></p>

<p>Density of states: <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/Al/Al_DOS.html">Al fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/fccau_dos.html">Au fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/fccCu_dos.html">Cu fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/Cr/Cr_DOS.html">Cr bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/Li/Li.html">Li bcc</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/bccNa_dos.html">Na bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/fccpt_dos.html">Pt fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/bccw_dos.html">W bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/si_dia_dos.html">Si diamond</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/iron.html">Fe bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/nickel.html">Ni fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/cobalt.html">Co fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/bcc_manganese.html">Mn bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/chromium.html">Cr bcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/gadolinium.html">Gd hcp</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/palladium.html">Pd fcc</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/Pd3Cr.html">Pd<sub>3</sub>Cr</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/Pd3Mn.html">Pd<sub>3</sub>Mn</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/PdCr.html">PdCr</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/materials/dos/PdMn.html">PdMn</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/gan_dos.html">GaN</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/sic_dos.html">6H SiC</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/GaAs/gaas_dos.html">GaAs</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/GaP/gap_dos.html">GaP</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/Ge/ge_dos.html">Ge</a>, <a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/InAs/inas_dos.html">InAs</a>, 
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bandstructures/V/V_DOS.html">V bcc</a></p>

<p>Kinetic theory:<br />
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss2/transport/drude.php">Drift and diffusion simulation</a></p>

<p>
<a href="http://lampz.tugraz.at/~hadley/ss1/bands/bands_summary.php?print">Summary: Electron Bands</a></p>